Ecology and Geography
Rising sea levels
Whilst rising sea levels are again a topic of conversation the geographical history of Rottnest Island is proof of what the impact of changing sea levels can be. It is believed that 7,000 years ago the sea level rose, cutting the Island off from the land mass.
The largest remaining island
Today Rottnest is the largest in a remaining chain of islands on the continental shelf opposite Perth. Garden and Carnac Islands are others. These islands, all are formed of limestone rocks with a thin covering of sand. The limestone base affects the types of plants and animals that can survive there and also the extent to which humans can make use of the Island.
Warmed by the Leeuwin current
Rottnest Island’s marine environment is ecologically special in many ways, too. Its geographic isolation from the mainland and location near the Leeuwin Current has resulted in its waters being characterised by a unique blend of tropical and temperate species.
A tropical coral reef
The limestone coral reef surrounding Rottnest grew approximately 100,000 years ago when the sea level was thought to be at least three metres higher than it is today. In this reef you’ll find some of the southern-most occurring tropical corals in the State and possibly in Australia. This reef system provides a home to much of Rottnest”s marine life, (as well as presenting a significant hazard for shipping).
Unique ecological value
The ecological values of the Reserve contribute significantly to the attractiveness of the Island to visitors who come to the Island to enjoy activities such as fishing, swimming and diving.
The land area is 1,900 ha comprising of six major habitats: coastal, salt lakes, brackish swamps, woodlands, heath and settled areas. Salt lakes occupy ten per cent of the area.
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